Apyramidra Ufsvno Card (雷諾氏症候群)

Apyramidra Ufsvno Card

雷諾氏症候群（Raynaud syndrome），也作雷諾現象（Raynaud phenomenon），是指由於血管痙攣而引起的一系列血管血流減少的情形。一般手指更容易受到影響，腳趾有時也會受到波及。雷諾氏症候群會導致肢體變得蒼白，隨後發紺，並常伴有麻木、疼痛。當血流恢復時，患處會變得潮紅並有灼熱感。該症狀通常持續幾分鐘，但也可持續數小時。

雷諾氏症候群的發作可能被寒冷或是情緒壓力所誘發。可以分成兩種主要類型：原發性雷諾氏症候群和續發性雷諾氏症候群。續發性雷諾氏症候群則伴隨著其他症狀出現，可能因結締組織疾病如硬皮病或紅斑性狼瘡、手部受傷、長時間震動、抽菸、甲狀腺問題、一些醫療處方如服用避孕藥而發生，通常藉由其症狀來診斷。

Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud’s phenomenon, eponymously named after the physician Auguste Gabriel Maurice Raynaud, is a medical condition in which the spasm of small arteries causes episodes of reduced blood flow to end arterioles. Typically, the fingers, and less commonly, the toes, are involved.Rarely, the nose, ears, or lips are affected.The episodes classically result in the affected part turning white and then blue.Often, numbness or pain occurs. As blood flow returns, the area turns red and burns. The episodes typically last minutes but can last several hours.

Episodes are typically triggered by cold or emotional stress.Secondary Raynaud’s occurs as a result of another condition and has an older age at onset; episodes are intensely painful and can be asymmetric and associated with skin lesions.Secondary Raynaud’s can occur due to a connective-tissue disorder such as scleroderma or lupus, injuries to the hands, prolonged vibration, smoking, thyroid problems, and certain medications, such as birth control pills. Diagnosis is typically based on the symptoms.

Causes of secondary Raynaud’s include:

Connective tissue diseases.
Most people who have a rare disease that leads to hardening and scarring of the skin (scleroderma) have Raynaud’s. Other diseases that increase the risk of Raynaud’s include lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome.
Diseases of the arteries.
These include a buildup of plaques in blood vessels that feed the heart, a disorder in which the blood vessels of the hands and feet become inflamed, and a type of high blood pressure that affects the arteries of the lungs.
Carpal tunnel syndrome.
This condition involves pressure on a major nerve to your hand, producing numbness and pain in the hand that can make the hand more susceptible to cold temperatures.
Repetitive action or vibration.
Typing, playing piano or doing similar movements for long periods and operating vibrating tools, such as jackhammers, can lead to overuse injuries.
Smoking.
Smoking constricts blood vessels.
Injuries to the hands or feet.
Examples include a wrist fracture, surgery or frostbite.
Certain medications.
These include beta blockers for high blood pressure, migraine medications that contain ergotamine and sumatriptan, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medications, certain chemotherapy agents, and drugs that cause blood vessels to narrow, such as some over-the-counter cold medications.